====== 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise ====== {{sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:iir-data_1.a.3.aii_ii_1990-2023_public.xlsx | NFR-specific inventory data }} ===== Short description ===== ^ Category Code ^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ | 1.A.3.a ii (ii) | T1, T2, T3 | NS, M | CS, D, M | | {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} |||| ---- ^ NOx ^ NMVOC ^ SO2 ^ NH3 ^ PM2.5 ^ PM10 ^ TSP ^ BC ^ CO ^ Heavy Metals ^ PCDD/F ^ B(a)P ^ B(b)F ^ B(k)F ^ I(x)P ^ PAH1-4 | HCB | PCBs | | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | NE | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | NA | NA | | {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}} |||||||||||||||||| In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported. In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided. ===== Methodology ===== ==== Actitvity Data ==== Specific fuel consumption during cruise-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]]. __Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ 2023 ^ ^ Kerosene | 20,637 | 21,207 | 23,646 | 21,929 | 21,892 | 19,993 | 20,010 | 19,366 | 19,259 | 19,956 | 8,952 | 6,401 | 9,485 | 10,490 | ^ Avgas | 1,833 | 858 | 843 | 523 | 427 | 429 | 356 | 353 | 337 | 275 | 182 | 115 | 127 | 81.4 | source: Allekotte et al. (2024) [(ALLEKOTTE2024)] & Gores (2024) [(GORES2024)] Here, with international flights coming close to pre-panemic levels again, fuel consumption of domestic flights shows a rather slow "recovery", reaching only about 50% of its pre-pandemic level in 2022: {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:1a3aii(ii)_ad_ker.png?702 | Annual jet kerosene consumption }} ==== Emission factors ==== All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV (Allekotte et al. (2024)) [(ALLEKOTTE2024)]. For more information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation. __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ 2023 ^ | **JET KEROSENE** |||||||||||||| | ^ NH3 | 3.98 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | ^ NMVOC | 16.0 | 17.6 | 18.6 | 20.1 | 21.1 | 23.7 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 36.3 | 35.8 | 28.2 | 21.2 | ^ NOx | 330 | 367 | 340 | 334 | 368 | 379 | 391 | 392 | 388 | 390 | 357 | 358 | 375 | 376 | ^ SOx | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | ^ BC | 1.87 | 2.15 | 2.03 | 2.21 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 1.93 | 1.96 | 2.00 | 1.73 | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.82 | 2.08 | ^ PM | 3.89 | 4.49 | 4.23 | 4.60 | 4.19 | 4.18 | 4.02 | 4.08 | 4.16 | 3.61 | 3.74 | 3.88 | 3.79 | 4.33 | ^ CO | 150 | 152 | 194 | 205 | 198 | 217 | 157 | 155 | 158 | 170 | 272 | 310 | 237 | 305 | | **AVGAS** |||||||||||||| | ^ NH3 | NE ||||||||||||| | ^ NMVOC | 594 | 593 | 594 | 593 | 592 | 594 | 592 | 591 | 591 | 589 | 588 | 587 | 582 | 595 | ^ NOx | 150 | 149 | 149 | 150 | 149 | 150 | 149 | 149 | 149 | 147 | 147 | 147 | 146 | 150 | ^ SOx | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | ^ BC | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | ^ PM2.5, PM10 | 2.77 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.77 | 2.78 | 2.77 | 2.77 | 2.77 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.78 | ^ TSP | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | ^ CO | 20,142 | 20,216 | 20,229 | 20,160 | 20,305 | 20,208 | 20,265 | 20,286 | 20,319 | 20,478 | 20,495 | 20,526 | 20,701 | 20,217 | 1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM10 and PM2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5) \\ 2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in EMEP/EEA (2023) [(EMEPEEA2023)], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, Annex 3, Table A3.2 and Conclusion For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**. ===== Recalculations ===== **Activity data** have been revised as a result of the slightly increased percental share of jet kerosene allocated to over-all domestic flights (see description of re-calculations in super-ordinate chapter on 1.A.3.a). Here, as slightly more jet kerosene is allocated to NFR 1.A.3.a ii for 2022, the amounts allocated to NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.a ii(i) and 1.A.3.a ii(ii) have been increased accordingly. __Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules__ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | **JET KEROSENE** ||||||||||||| | ^ current submission | 20,637 | 21,207 | 23,646 | 21,929 | 21,892 | 19,993 | 20,010 | 19,366 | 19,259 | 19,956 | 8,952 | 6,401 | 9.485 | ^ previous submission | 20,637 | 21,207 | 23,646 | 21,929 | 21,892 | 19,993 | 20,010 | 19,366 | 19,259 | 19,956 | 8,952 | 6,401 | 9.481 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.29 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.03% | | **AVGAS** ||||||||||||| | ^ current submission | 1,833 | 858 | 843 | 523 | 427 | 429 | 356 | 353 | 337 | 275 | 182 | 115 | 127 | ^ previous submission | 1,833 | 858 | 843 | 523 | 427 | 429 | 356 | 353 | 337 | 275 | 182 | 115 | 127 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | In addition, rather small revisions occur for several country-specific **emission factors** derived from Allekotte et al. (2024) [(ALLEKOTTE2024)] and for 2022. __Table 4: Revised annual country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in [kg/TJ]__ | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ 2021 ^ 2022 ^ | **AMMONIA** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 3.98 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | ^ previous submission | 3.98 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.97 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | | **NMVOC** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 16.0 | 17.6 | 18.6 | 20.1 | 21.1 | 23.7 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 36.3 | 35.8 | 28.23 | ^ previous submission | 16.0 | 17.6 | 18.6 | 20.1 | 21.1 | 23.7 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 36.3 | 35.8 | 28.24 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.01 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -0.03% | | **NITROGENE OXIDES** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 330 | 367 | 340 | 334 | 368 | 379 | 391 | 392 | 388 | 390 | 357 | 358 | 375 | ^ previous submission | 330 | 367 | 340 | 334 | 368 | 379 | 391 | 392 | 388 | 390 | 357 | 358 | 375 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.01% | | **SULPHUR OXIDES** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | ^ previous submission | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | | **BLACK CARBON** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 1.87 | 2.15 | 2.03 | 2.21 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 1.93 | 1.96 | 2.00 | 1.73 | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.8207 | ^ previous submission | 1.87 | 2.15 | 2.03 | 2.21 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 1.93 | 1.96 | 2.00 | 1.73 | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.8204 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0003 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.02% | | **PARTICULATE MATTER** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 3.89 | 4.49 | 4.23 | 4.60 | 4.19 | 4.18 | 4.02 | 4.08 | 4.16 | 3.61 | 3.74 | 3.88 | 3.793 | ^ previous submission | 3.89 | 4.49 | 4.23 | 4.60 | 4.19 | 4.18 | 4.02 | 4.08 | 4.16 | 3.61 | 3.74 | 3.88 | 3.792 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.001 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.02% | | **CARBON MONOXIDE** |||||||||||||| ^ current submission | 150 | 152 | 194 | 205 | 198 | 217 | 157 | 155 | 158 | 170 | 272 | 310 | 237.03 | ^ previous submission | 150 | 152 | 194 | 205 | 198 | 217 | 157 | 155 | 158 | 170 | 272 | 310 | 237.10 | ^ absolute change | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.07 | ^ relative change | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -0.03% | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]]. ===== Uncertainties ===== For information on uncertainties, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation. ===== Planned improvements ===== For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation. [(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV): Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)] [(AGEB2024>AGEB (2024): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/EBD22e.xlsx, (Aufruf: 04.12.2024), Köln & Berlin, 2024)] [(BAFA2024>BAFA (2024): Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2023_12.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=2, Eschborn, 2024.)] [(KNOERR2012> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. 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