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general:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2023/03/15 14:26] – [Main drivers] kotzullageneral:trends:emission_trends_heavy_metals [2024/11/06 14:54] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Main drivers ===== ===== Main drivers =====
  
-Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Values show reductions by about 58 to 89% compared to the base year, with most of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though.+Emission of priority heavy metals (cadmium, lead and mercury) **decreased significantly since 1990**. Most values show reductions by about 50 to 93% compared to the base year, with the majority of the achievements originating from the early 1990's though.
  
 __Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__ __Overview of percental decreases in HM emissions since 1990:__
-  * Arsenic: -94% +  * Arsenic: -93.5% 
-  * Cadmium: -63% +  * Cadmium: -64.5% 
-  * Copper: -15% +  * Copper: -9.6% 
-  * Chrome: -59% +  * Chrome: -57.3% 
-  * Mercury: -81% +  * Mercury: -81.5% 
-  * Nickel: -61% +  * Nickel: -56.9% 
-  * Lead: -92% +  * Lead: -92.0% 
-  * Selenium: -52% +  * Selenium: -49.7% 
-  * Zinc: -41%+  * Zinc: -38.3%
  
  
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 The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes:  The main source for most heavy metals is fuel combustion and production processes: 
-**Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. +**Energy Industries (NFR 1.A.1)** and **Industrial Processes (NFR 2)**, especially, of course, the Metal Industries (NFR 2.C) emit the majority of **arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead, mercury and nickel**. 
 + 
 In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage.  In contrast, **copper and zinc** emissions are mostly governed by the **Transport (NFR 1.A.3)** sector, resulting mostly from brake and tyre wear. Thus, trends are connected directly with the annual mileage. 
 +
 **Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3).  **Selenium** on the other hand originates mainly from **Mineral Industry (NFR 2.A)** and to a lesser degree from Transport (NFR 1.A.3). 
 +
 Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend. Other sources are still to be investigated but generally expected to add little to the total trend.
  
 ===== Trends ===== ===== Trends =====
 +
 The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals: The figure below shows emission trends for heavy metals:
  
-[{{ :general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&700 | Heavy metal emission trends }}]+{{ :general:trends:iir_hm_all.png?direct&800 | trends of heavy metal emissions}}